| Date |
Nobel Prize Investigator(s) |
Chemical Research for
the Nobel Prize |
| 2004 |
Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose |
Discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation |
| 2003 |
Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon |
Ddiscovery of water channels and structural and mechanistic
studies of ion channels |
| 2002 |
John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka, Kurt Wüthrich |
Development of methods for identification and structure
analyses of biological macromolecules |
| 2001 |
William S. Knowles & Ryoji Noyori, K. Barry Sharpless |
Work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions
and work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions and |
| 2000 |
Alan Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa |
Discovery and development of conductive polymers |
| 1999 |
Ahmed Zewail |
Studies of the transition states of chemical reactions
using femtosecond spectroscopy |
| 1998 |
Walter Kohn, John Pople |
Development of the density-functional theory and development
of computational methods in quantum chemistry |
| 1997 |
Jens C. Skou, Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker |
Discovery of sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase
and explanation of the enzymatic conversion of adenosine
triphosphate and |
| 1996 |
Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold Kroto, Richard E. Smalley |
Discovery of new carbon compounds called fullerenes |
| 1995 |
Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowland |
Explanation of processes that deplete Earth's ozone
layer |
| 1994 |
George A. Olah |
Development of techniques to study hydrocarbon molecules |
| 1993 |
Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smith |
Inventors of techniques for gene study and manipulation |
| 1992 |
Rudolph A. Marcus |
Explanation of how electrons transfer between molecules |
| 1991 |
Richard R. Ernst |
Improvements in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
| 1990 |
Elias James Corey |
Development of retrosynthetic analysis for synthesis
of complex molecules |
| 1989 |
Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech |
Discovery of certain basic properties of RNA |
| 1988 |
Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel |
Discovery of structure of proteins needed in photosynthesis |
| 1987 |
Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn & Charles J. Pedersen |
Development of molecules that can link with other molecules
and development of molecules that can link with other
molecules |
| 1986 |
Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John C. Polanyi |
Development of methods for analyzing basic chemical
reactions |
| 1985 |
Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle |
Development of a way to map the chemical structures
of small molecules |
| 1984 |
Bruce Merrifield |
Development of a method of polypeptide synthesis |
| 1983 |
Henry Taube |
Study of electron transfer reactions |
| 1982 |
Aaron Klug |
Determination of structure of biological substances |
| 1981 |
Kenichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmann |
Orbital symmetry interpretation of chemical reactions |
| 1980 |
Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert & Frederick Sanger |
First preparation of a hybrid DNA and development of
chemical and biological analyses of DNA structure |
| 1979 |
Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig |
Introduction of compounds of boron and phosphorus in
the synthesis of organic substances |
| 1978 |
Peter Mitchell |
Formulation of a theory of energy transfer processes
in biological systems |
| 1977 |
Ilya Prigogine |
Widening the scope of thermodynamics |
| 1976 |
William Lipscomb |
Structure of boranes |
| 1975 |
John Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog |
Work in stereochemistry |
| 1974 |
Paul J. Flory |
Studies of long-chain molecules |
| 1973 |
Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson |
Organometallic chemistry |
| 1972 |
Christian Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William H. Stein |
Fundamental contributions to enzyme chemistry |
| 1971 |
Gerhard Herzberg |
Research in the structure of molecules |
| 1970 |
Luis Leloir |
Discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the
biosynthesis of carbohydrates |
| 1969 |
Derek Barton, Odd Hassel |
Work in determining conformation and actual three-dimensional
shape of molecules |
| 1968 |
Lars Onsager |
Work on theory of thermodynamics of irreversible processes |
| 1967 |
Manfred Eigen, Ronald G.W. Norrish, George Porter |
Studies of extremely fast chemical reactions |
| 1966 |
Robert S. Mulliken |
Work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure
of molecules |
| 1965 |
Robert B. Woodward |
Synthesis of sterols, chlorophyll, and other substances |
| 1964 |
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin |
Determining the structure of biochemical compounds
essential in combating pernicious anemia |
| 1963 |
Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta |
Structure and synthesis of polymers in the field of
plastics |
| 1962 |
John Cowdery Kendrew, Max Ferdinand Perutz |
Determination of the structure of hemoproteins |
| 1961 |
Melvin Calvin |
Study of chemical steps that take place during photosynthesis |
| 1960 |
Willard F. Libby |
Development of radiocarbon dating |
| 1959 |
Jaroslav Heyrovsky |
Discovery and development of polarography |
| 1958 |
Frederick Sanger |
Determination of the structure of the insulin molecule |
| 1957 |
Lord Todd |
Work on nucleotides and nucleotide coenzymes |
| 1956 |
Sir Cyril Hinshelwood, Nikolay Semenov |
Work on the kinetics of chemical reactions |
| 1955 |
Vincent du Vigneaud |
First synthesis of a polypeptide hormone |
| 1954 |
Linus Pauling |
Study of the nature of the chemical bond |
| 1953 |
Hermann Staudinger |
Work on macromolecules |
| 1952 |
Archer J.P. Martin, Richard L.M. Synge |
Development of partition chromatography |
| 1951 |
Edwin M. McMillan, Glenn T. Seaborg |
Discovery of and research on transuranium elements |
| 1950 |
Otto Diels, Kurt Alder |
Discovery and development of diene synthesis |
| 1949 |
William F. Giauque |
Behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures |
| 1948 |
Arne Tiselius |
Researches in electrophoresis and adsorption analysis;
serum proteins |
| 1947 |
Sir Robert Robinson |
Investigation of alkaloids and other plant products |
| 1946 |
James B. Sumner, John H. Northrop & Wendell M.
Stanley |
Discovery of enzyme crystallization and preparation
of enzymes and virus proteins in pure form |
| 1945 |
Artturi Virtanen |
Invention of fodder preservation method |
| 1944 |
Otto Hahn |
Discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei |
| 1943 |
George de Hevesy |
Use of isotopes as tracers in chemical research |
| 1942 |
Not Awarded |
|
| 1941 |
Not Awarded |
|
| 1940 |
Not Awarded |
|
| 1939 |
Adolf Butenandt (Declined), Leopold Ruzicka |
Work on sexual hormones and work on polymethylenes
and higher terpenes |
| 1938 |
Richard Kuhn (Declined) |
Carotenoid and vitamin research |
| 1937 |
Norman Haworth, Paul Karrer |
Research on carbohydrates and vitamin C and research
on carotenoids, flavins, and vitamins |
| 1936 |
Peter Debye |
Work on dipole moments and diffraction of X rays and
electrons in gases |
| 1935 |
Frédéric Joliot, Irène Joliot-Curie |
Synthesis of new radioactive elements |
| 1934 |
Harold C. Urey |
Discovery of heavy hydrogen |
| 1933 |
Not Awarded |
|
| 1932 |
Irving Langmuir |
Discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry |
| 1931 |
Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius |
Invention and development of chemical high-pressure
methods |
| 1930 |
Hans Fischer |
Studies and synthesis of hemin, chlorophyll research |
| 1929 |
Arthur Harden, Hans von Euler-Chelpin |
Investigations in the fermentation of sugars and the
enzyme action involved |
| 1928 |
Adolf Windaus |
Constitution of sterols and their connection with vitamins |
| 1927 |
Heinrich Wieland |
Researches into the constitution of bile acids |
| 1926 |
The Svedberg |
Work on disperse systems |
| 1925 |
Richard Zsigmondy |
Elucidation of the heterogeneous nature of colloidal
solutions |
| 1924 |
Not Awarded |
|
| 1923 |
Fritz Pregl |
Method of microanalysis of organic substances |
| 1922 |
Francis W. Aston |
Work with mass spectrograph; whole-number rule |
| 1921 |
Frederick Soddy |
Chemistry of radioactive substances; occurrence and
nature of isotopes |
| 1920 |
Walther Nernst |
Work in thermochemistry |
| 1919 |
Not Awarded |
|
| 1918 |
Fritz Haber |
Synthesis of ammonia |
| 1917 |
Not Awarded |
|
| 1916 |
Not Awarded |
|
| 1915 |
Richard Willstätter |
Pioneer researches in plant pigments, especially chlorophyll |
| 1914 |
Theodore W. Richards |
Accurate determination of the atomic weights of numerous
elements |
| 1913 |
Alfred Werner |
Work on the linkage of atoms in molecules |
| 1912 |
Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier |
Discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which
in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of
organic chemistry and method of hydrogenating organic
compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals
whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly
advanced in recent years |
| 1911 |
Marie Curie |
Discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the
isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds
of this remarkable element |
| 1910 |
Otto Wallach |
Pioneering work in the field of alicyclic compounds |
| 1909 |
Wilhelm Ostwald |
Work on catalysis and for his investigations into the
fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria
and rates of reaction |
| 1908 |
Ernest Rutherford |
Investigations into the disintegration of the elements,
and the chemistry of radioactive substances |
| 1907 |
Eduard Buchner |
Biochemical researches and his discovery of cellfree
fermentation |
| 1906 |
Henri Moissan |
Investigation and isolation of the element fluorine,
and for the adoption in the service of science of the
electric furnace called after him |
| 1905 |
Adolf von Baeyer |
The advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical
industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic
compounds |
| 1904 |
Sir William Ramsay |
The discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air,
and his determination of their place in the periodic
system |
| 1903 |
Svante Arrhenius |
Advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory
of dissociation |
| 1902 |
Emil Fischer |
Work on sugar and purine syntheses |
| 1901 |
Jacobus H. van 't Hoff |
Discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic
pressure in solutions |
